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PRIVATE    BOOK 


GOLDSMITHS,  JEWELLERS,  ETC. 


THE 


PRIVATE  BOOK 


tatfful     JlUogs     untr     Jtiemonmba 


FOR 


GOLDSMITHS,  JEWELLERS,  ETC. 


BY     JAMES     E.     COLLINS, 
*/ 

Civn,  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEER. 


OF  THE 

I   UNIVERSITY  ) 

W  OF  J 

'SSiiESSi^NBW  YORK  : 
P.     V  A  N      N  O  S  T  RAN7]),    PUBUSHKR, 

23  Mi  RKAV  ST.  AND  27  WARRKN  ST. 
1872. 


/ 


NEW    VOKK  : 

JOHN   Ross  &  Co.,   PRINTERS, 
27   ROSE  STKEET. 


f 


CONTENTS. 


PA  OR 

Standard  Gold     .......       13 

Assay  Weight       .         .         .         .         .         .         .13 

Table  of  different  Qualities  of  Gold    ...       14 
Carat  of  Gold        .         .         .         .         .         .         .15 

Sterling  Gold  Alloy 15 

Dry-Colored  Gold  Alloys. 

17  Carat  Gold 15 

18  Carat  do.      .         .         .         .         .         .         .16 

Another  do.       .......       16 

Another  do.       .......       16 

Another  do.       .......       17 

19  Carat  Gold  .         .         .         .         .         .         .17 

20  Carat  do.      ,         .         .        ,         .         .         .  .     17 

22  Carat  do 18 

Dry-Colored  Solder 18 

Alloy  for  Rings         ......       19 

Solder  for  do.    .......       19 


142674 


vi.  Contents. 

PACK 

Dry-Colored  Gold  Alloys. 

Dry-Colored  Alloy   .         .         .         .         .         .  19 

Scrap  reduced  to  35 j.  Gold      ....  20 

Dry-Coloring,  Directions  for       ....  20 

Wet-Colored  Gold  Alloys. 

Alloys  Nos.  i  and  2          .....  22 

Alloys  Nos.  3  and  4          .....  23 

Green  Gold  Alloy,  for  Fancy  Work         .         .  23 

Another  do.       .......  24 

Another  do 24 

Red  Gold  Alloy         .         .         .         .         .         .24 

Another  do.       .......  25 

Solder  for  do.    .......  25 

Another  do.       .......  25 

Colored  Flowers,  Note  on        .         ...  26 

Wet-Colored  Solder 26 

15  Carat  Gold 26 

Alloys  Nos.  5  and  6  .  "      1         .         -27 

Solder  for  do.    .......  27 

6o.f.  Gold  ;  Good  Color 28 

Wet  Colored  Solder 28 

22  Carat  reduced  to  Wet-Colored   ...  28 

Table  of  Alloy  for  Ordinary  Wet-Colored  Gold  29 

Coins  reduced  to  Wet-Colored  :  with  Scrap. 

Alloys  Nos.  i  and  2           .....  30 
Alloys  Nos.  3,  4,  and  5              .         .         .         .31 


Contents.  vii. 

PAG  a 
Coins  reduced  to  Wet-Colored  :  without  Scrap. 

Alloy  Nos.  i  and  2 32 

Alloys  Nos.  3,  4,  and  5     .         .         .         .         -33 

Alloy  No.  6 34 

Melting  and  Refining,  Note  on  .         .         .         -34 
To  insure  Gold  Rolling  well       ....       34 

Wet-Coloring,  Directions  for  35 

Ditto  by  German  Process    .....       37 

To  Collect  Gold  lost  in  Coloring        ...       39 
Alloys  of  Gold  for  Enamelling. 

Pale  Gold  for  Enamelling,  etc.         ...       42 

Another  do.       .......       42 

Another  do.       .......       42 

Enamelling  Gold  No.  i    .         .         .         .         -43 

Ditto  from  Sterling 43 

Enamelling  Gold  Solder  .....       43 

Another  do, 44 

Enamelling  Gold  Nos.  2  and  3         ...       44 

Ditto  Nos.  4  and  5. 45 

Ditto,  for  Transparent  Enamelling          .         .       45 
Gold  Solder  for  Enamelling     .         .         .         .46 
Pale  Gold  Alloys  for  Polishing,  etc. 

Alloys  Nos.  i  and  2  .....       46 

18  Carat,  Pale  .......       47 

Another  do .         -47 

Pale  Gold  Solder      ......       47 

Table  of  Alloy  for  Ordinary  Bright  Gold.  .       48 


viii.  Contents. 

PAGE 

Composition  for  do.     .         .         .         .         .         .48 

Table  of  Alloy  for  Bright  Gold  Wire          .         .  49 

Alloys  for  Gold  Pens. 

Alloy  for  Best  Pens 50 

Solder  for  do.    .......  50 

Alloy  for  Medium  Quality  Pens      .         .         .  50 

Composition  for  do.           .         .         .         .  51 

Solder  for  do.    .         .         .         .         .  51 

Alloy  for  Common  Pens  .         .         .         .51 

Solder  for  do.    .......  52 

Alloys  of  Gold  with  Brass. 

Alloys  Nos.  i,  2,  and  3     .         .         .         .         -53 

Directions  for  Melting  do.        ....  54 

Alloy  No.  4 54 

Alloy  No.  5 55 

Composition  for  do.          .....  55 

Solder  for  do.    .  '  .         .         .         .         -55 

Miscellaneous  Gold  Alloys. 

45J.  Gold   ........  56 

Solder  for  do.    .......  56 

12  Carat  Gold 56 

Another  do. 57 

Table  of  Alloys  with  Composition           .         .  57 

Composition  for  do.          .....  58 

Alloy  for  Gold  Chains 58 

Another  do 58 

35.?.  Gold  for  Pins     ......  59 


Contents.  ix. 

I'AGE 

Miscellaneous  Gold  Alloys. 

35J-.  Gold  from  Dry-Colored  Scrap  .         .       59 

Bright  Gold  Alloy    .         .         .         .         .         -59 
Common  Gold  No.  i          .....       60 

Do.  No.  2 Go 

Medium  Gold   .         .         .     •    .         .         .         .60 

''California" 61 

Composition  for  do.  ...         .         .61 

Common  Gold,  from  do.  61 

35 j.  Gold  reduced  to  Common  Gold       .         .       62 
2(>f.  Gold  . 62 

To  Clean  Tarnished  Work  ....       62 

To  Remove  Soft  Solder 63 

Silver  Alloys. 

Sterling  Silver  ......       63 

Equal  to  do.      ...         .         .         .         .         .64 

Another  do.       .......       64 

Alloy  for  Plating 64 

Silver  Solder     .......       65 

Another  do.       .......       65 

Silver  Filigree  Work         .         .         .         .         .65 

Copper  Solder,  for  Plating       .         .  66 

Common  Silver,  for  Chains      .         .         .         .66 

Solder  for  do.    .......       66 

4s.  Silver  Solder,  for  Enamelling     ...       67 
Common  Silver  Solder  67 

Common  Silver  Solder  for  Filling  ...       67 


x.  Contents. 

PAGE 

Silver  Alloys. 

Quick  Silver-Solder 68 

Solder  for  Gold  Plating  .         .         .         .         .68 

Bismuth  Solder         ......  68 

Imitations. 

Imitation  Silver         ......  69 

Imitation  Gold           ......  69 


OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 


PREFACE, 


THIS  little  book  is  compiled  from  notes 
made  by  the  Author  from  the  papers  of  one 
of  the  largest  and  most  eminent  Manufactur- 
ing Goldsmiths  and  Jewellers  in  this  country ; 
and  as  this  Firm  is  now  no  longer  in  existence, 
and  the  Author  is  at  present  engaged  in  some 
other  undertaking,  he  now  offers  to  the  pub- 
lic the  benefit  of  his  experience,  and,  in  so 
doing,  he  begs  to  state  that  all  the  Alloys, 
etc.,  given  in  these  pages  may  be  confidently 
relied  on  as  being  thoroughly  practicable. 


xii.  Preface. 

The  Memoranda  and  Receipts  throughout 
this  book  are  also  compiled  from  practice, 
and  will,  no  doubt,  be  found  equally  useful 
to  the  practical  Jeweller. 

SIIIRLKV,  July,  1871. 


ffioott 


GOLDSMITHS,    ETC 


Gold. 

STANDARD  gold  is  compounded  of  440 
grains  of  fine  gold,  and  40  grains  (Troy  weight) 
to  the  oz.  alloy;  therefore,  when  you  judge 
how  much  gold  a  piece  of  work  will  take,  com- 
pound it  to  the  standard  weight  by  the  follow- 
ing Tible  : 

Assay    Weight. 

The  weight  of  gold  is  a  pound,  which  is 
divided  into  12  oz. ;  each  oz.  into  24  carats; 
each  carat  *  into  4  grains ;  and,  lastly,  each 
grain  into  4  quarters  :  then  you  see  the  Assay 
quarter-grain,  in  reality  one  grain  and  a  quarter 
Troy. 

*  The  carat  is  an  Abyssinian  weight. 


14 


QUANTITY  OF  STANDARD  GOLD  TO  COMPOUND  AN  Oz. 

OF    ANY    OF   THE   FOLLOWING  ALLOYS,  CALCULATED 
TO    THE    J^th    OF    A    GRAIN,    IS   AS   FOLLOWS  :  — 


Carat. 

Dwts.    Grs.     Qrs. 

\ 

Dwts.    Grs.     Ors. 

I 

2 

O        21           9 
i       19         7 

19           2           2 

18*       4         4 

3 

2         17           5 

17         6         6 

4 

3       15         3 

16         8         8 

5 

4       13         i 

15       10       10 

6 

5       10       10 

14       13         i 

7 

688 

13       15         3 

8 
9 

IO 

766 
8         4         4 
922 

ADDED. 

12       17         5 
ii       19         7 

IO         21            9 

ii 

10            0            0 

w 

pa 

10            0            0 

12 

IO         21            9 

ii       19        7 

0 
h 

922 

844 

14 

12       17         5 

0 

766 

15 

13       15         3 

< 

688 

16 

14       13         i 

5       10       10 

f7 

15       10       10 

4       13         i 

18 

16         8         8 

3       15         3 

19 

17         6         6 

2       17         5 

20 

18         4        4 

i       19        7 

21 
22 

19           2           2 
20           0           0 

0         21            9 

15 

Carat  of  Gold. 

Dwts.  Grs. 

Of  a  Pound  .....  10  o 

Grain    of   do 2  12 

Quarter-grain  of  do.     .         .         .  o  15 

Of  an  Oz.      .  '  .         .         .  o  20 

Grain   of   do o  5 

Quarter-grain  of  do.  o  i 


Sterling  Gold  Alloy — 775.   ioi//.  per  Oz. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         o       18       12 
Fine  Silver  o         I         o 

Swedish    Copper  o         o       12 


i         o  o 

Dry -Colored  Gold  Alloys. 

17  Carat. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....         o       15  o 

Fine  Silver                                       o         i  10 

Swedish  Copper                             o         4  17 


i6 

Dry-Colored  Gold  Alloys  (continued). 

18  Carat. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o        o 

Fine  Silver  o        4       10 

Swedish  Copper          ..025 


Another    18    Carat. 


Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold     . 

o       15         o 

Fine  Silver 

024 

Swedish  Copper 

0            2          K) 

o       19       23 

Another    18    Carat. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  o       18.       o 

Fine  Silver  o         2       18 

Swedish  Copper  .         .         o         3       18 

1412 


Dry -Colored  Gold  Alloys  (continued). 
Another    18    Carat. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold                                          I  i         6 

Fine   Silver            .         .         .         o  3       10 

Swedish  Copper                              o  4       12 

i  o         4 


19    Carat.  • 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine   Silver  ...026 

Swedish  Copper  o         3       12 


i         5       18 


20    Carat. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o        o 

Fine   Silver  ...020 

Swedish   Copper  ..024 


i8 

Dry-  Colored  Gold  Alloys  (continued). 
22   Carat. 


Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold     . 

o       18         o 

Fine   Silver 

0            0          12 

Swedish   Copper 

o         i         3 

o       19       15 

In  making  Gold  Solder  for  the  foregoing 
alloys,  take  of  the  alloyed  gold  you  are 
using — 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Gold  Alloyed  o         i         o 

Fine   Silver  006 


or, 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Gold  Alloyed  o         i         o 

Fine  Silver  ...005 

Swedish   Copper  .         .         o         o         i 

o         i         6 


B  R  A 
or  THE 

(   UNIVERSITY  j 


Dry  -Colored  Gold  Alloys  (continued). 

Alloy  for   Dry-Colored    Rings. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  I         o         o 

Fine   Silver  ...046 

Swedish   Copper  ..046 


12 


Solder   for   the   Above. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Scrap   Gold        »  ,         .         .         2         o         o 
Fine   Silver  .         .         .         o         3         o 

Swedish   Copper  ..030 


Another  Dry-Colored  Alloy. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         5         o         o 
Fine  Silver  .         .  i         o         o 

Swedish   Copper  i         7       12 


12 


20 

Dry -Colored  Gold  Alloys  (continued). 
Dry-Colored    Scrap,   reduced  to  355.    Gold. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Colored  Scrap      ...         I         9       12 
Fine  Silver  .         .  o         2         o 

Swedish   Copper  .         .         o       17       12 

Spelter          .        .        .         .        o        4        o 


Of  Dry-  Coloring  the  foregoing  Alloys. 

This  is  done  as  follows  : — Having  your  work 
well  polished/ take  of  Saltpetre,  Alum,  and 
Salt  in  proportion  to  the  work  to  be  colored ; 
say,  for  2  oz.  of  work,  as  under,  viz.  : 

Saltpetre  ....  8  oz. 
Alum  .  .  .  .  4  oz. 
Salt 4  oz. 

Procure  also  a  black-lead  pot,  four  or  five  inches 
high,  or  an  iron  pot  cast  from  a  black-lead 
pot — one  or  two  sizes  will  be  useful.  To  per- 
form the  process  of  Dry-Coloring,  you  must 


21 


have  a  thin  iron  bar  to  stir  your  "color  "  when 
dissolving.  Your  work  cannot  be  too  well 
polished;  it  is  then  cleaned  with  soda,  soap, 
and  hot  water,  and  dried  in  box-sawdust. 
It  must  be  afterwards  covered  with  a  thin 
layer  of  Borax;  annealed  and  boiled  out,  and 
again  dried  in  box-sawdust ;  and  finally  hung 
on  platinum,  or  fine  silver  wire.  When  the 
"  color "  is  in  the  pot,  it  is  placed  in  the  fire 
on  a  forge,  and  blown  with  bellows ;  it  soon 
boils  up,  The  heat  cannot  be  too  strong. 
When  it  assumes  a  brown-yellow  flame,  the 
work  is  dipped  in  for  two  or  three  seconds, 
and  quenched  in  hot  water  diluted  with  Mu- 
riatic Acid,  which  removes  any  "  color  "  that 
may  adhere  to  the  work.  This  ought  to 
produce  the  color  required ;  if  it  does  not 
come,  the  same  process  must  be  followed  again  ; 
but  the  work  must  be  well  dried  before  going 
into  the  "  color,"  otherwise  it  will  fly  about, 
the  burn  or  scald  from  which  is  very  severe. 
Indeed,  it  is  recommended  to  wear  an  old 
glove,  to  save  the  hand.  The  color-pot  must 


22 

be  emptied  immediately  upon  the  forge,  so 
that  it  may  be  ready  if  required  again.  In 
this  process  of  coloring  it  is  necessary  to  be 
very  quick,  whereas  in  wet-coloring  it  takes  time. 
The  waste  "  color  "  may  be  thrown  into  the 
sweep,  as  the  gold  lost  is  trifling. 

Wet- Colored   Gold  Alloys. 
Alloy  No.  i. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i         o        o 
Fine  Silver  ...         o         3       12 

Swedish  Copper  ..090 


i       12       12 


Alloy  No.  2. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine   Silver  ...040 

Swedish   Copper  o        9       12 

i       13       12 


23 

Wet- Colored   Gold  Alloys  (continued}. 

Alloy  No.  3. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i  o        o 

Fine  Silver           .        .        .  o  4       12 

Swedish  Copper  o  10        o 


14       12 


Alloy  No.  4. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold                                         i         o  o 

Fine  Silver           .         .         .         o         4  12 

Swedish   Copper           .         .         o       10  12 


15 


Green  Gold  for  Fancy  Work. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine   Silver  o         6       16 

i         6       16 


24 

Wet- Colored  Gold  Alloys  (continued}. 

Another  Green  Gold. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .  .         o       10        o 

Fine   Silver  022 


12 


Another  Green  Gold. 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....050 
Fine  Silver  o         i       12 

o         6       12 


Red  Gold  for  Fancy   Work. 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....050 
Swedish  Copper  o        2       12 


Wet- Colored  Gold  Alloys    (continued}. 
Another  Red  Gold. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         o         5         o 
Swedish   Copper  o         i         6 


To    make     Gold    Solder   for   the    foregoing 
alloys,  take  of  the  alloyed  gold  you  are  using — 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Gold  Alloyed  o         I         o 

Fine  Silver  .006 


Or  5   grains  of  silver  and  i   grain   of  copper 
may  be  used. 

Another  Solder. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Gold  Alloyed  o         i         o 

Fine  Silver  ...005 

Pin-Brass      .  o        o         i 


i 


26 


NOTE. — This  solder  is  good  for  repairing, 
and  will  not  disturb  the  solder  first  mentioned. 
It  will  color  well. 


In  fancy-work,  platinum  is  used  for  grey  or 
white  flowers,  as  also  fine  silver,  and  fine  gold 
for  yellow  flowers  ;  but  it  remains  with  work- 
men to  please  themselves ;  if  they  desire  to 
have  good  red  or  green  gold,  the  fine  gold 
must  not  be  overpowered. 


Wet-Colored  Solder., 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Wet-Colored  Scrap       ..300 
Fine  Silver  .  .         o       10         o 

Swedish   Copper  ..050 


15  Carat    Gold. — Cost  565.  per  Oz. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i       18         o 
Fine  Silver  .         .         .         o       12       12 

Swedish   Copper  o       10        o 


27 

Wet- Colored  Gold  Alloys    (continued]. 

Alloy  No.  5. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i         o         o 
Fine   Silver  ...080 

Swedish   Copper  ..040 

i       12         o 


Alloy  No.  6. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine  Silver  ...060 

Swedish   Copper  ..080 


o 


Gold  Solder  for  the  Above. 

Oz.    Dwts.  Grs. 

Gold   Scrap  i         o         o 

Fine  Silver  ...050 


28 

Wet- Colored  Gold  Alloys  (continued}. 
6os.  Gold. — Good    Color. 

Oz.  Dwts.    Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine  Silver  ...060 

Swedish   Copper  ..040 


10 


Another  Wet-Colored  Solder. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Scrap   Gold  ...400 

Fine   Silver  ...         o       13         8 

Swedish   Copper  o         6       16 


5 


To  Reduce  22  Carat  into  Wet-Colored    Gold. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Gold  Coins  ...480 

Fine   Silver  .         .  o       13         o 

Swedish   Copper  i       13         o 

6,      14         o 


M                                                                                                                                                               A 

O   O     CO  ^j     O">  en    •£>•    Oi     to     M     j~ 

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O 

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OOOOOOOOOO^ 

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tOtOMMMMOOOO        N1 

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M                 M                 M                 M                 M        ? 

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M                 M                 M                 M                 M        C 

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M       M       M       M       M                                                            Q 

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Different    Methods    of   reducing    22     Carat    to 
Ordinary    Wet-  Colored   Gold. 


With    Scrap. 

No.    i. 

Oz. 

Dwts. 

Grs. 

Coins    ..... 

i 

o 

0 

Fine  Gold     .... 

3 

0 

O 

Fine  Silver 

0 

17 

12 

Swedish   Copper 

2 

I 

12 

Scrap     .         .         . 

3 

I 

0 

10 

O 

0 

No.    2. 

Oz. 

Dwts. 

Grs. 

Coins    ..... 

I 

0 

o 

Fine  Gold     .... 

4 

o 

0 

Fine  Silver 

i 

2 

o 

Swedish   Copper 

2 

12 

o 

Scrap     ... 

I 

6 

o 

No.   3. 

Ox.  Dwts.  Grs. 


Coins    .         .         .         . 

2 

o 

o 

Fine  Gold     .... 

3 

3 

8 

Fine   Silver 

i 

I 

4 

Swedish  Copper 

2 

IO 

12 

Scrap     ..... 

I 

5 

0 

IO 

0 

0 

No.    4. 

Oz. 

Dwts. 

Grs. 

Coins    ..... 

3 

I 

6 

Fine  Gold     .... 

2 

0 

O 

Fine  Silver 

I 

I 

0 

Swedish  Copper 

2 

II 

o 

Scrap  '..... 

I 

6 

18 

10 

o 

o 

No.   5. 

Oz. 

Dwts. 

Grs. 

Coins    

I 

0 

O 

Fine  Gold     .... 

4 

O 

0 

Fine  Silver            . 

I 

I 

12 

Swedish  Copper 

2 

II 

12 

Scrap    

6 

7 

0 

Different   Methods    of  reducing    22     Carat    to 
Ordinary    Wet-Colored  Gold. 

Without  Scrap. 

No.    i. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Coins 100 

Fine  Gold     ....800 
Fine   Silver  ...200 

Swedish  Copper  4       14         o 


15       14 


No.    2. 

O/.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Coins  .....  i  o  o 
Fine  Gold  ....200 
Fine  Silver  o  13  o 

Swedish   Copper  .         .         i       n         o 


5 


33 

No.    3. 

Oz.   Dvvts.   Grs. 

Coins 200 

Fine  Gold     ....500 
Fine  Silver  .         .         .         i         9       12 

Swedish   Copper          .         .         3       n       12 

12         i         o 


No.   4. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Coins 200 

Fine  Gold  ....600 
Fine  Silver  .  .  .  i  14  o 

Swedish  Copper          ..420 

13       16        o 

No.   5- 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Coins  .....200 
Fine  Gold  .  .  .  .  8  o  o 
Fine  Silver  ...230 

Swedish  Copper  5         3         o 

1760 


34 

No.   6. 


Oz. 

Dwts. 

Grs. 

Coins    . 

4 

O 

0 

Fine  Gold 

6 

0 

0 

Fine   Silver 

2 

2 

O 

Swedish   Copper 

5 

2 

0 

17 

4 

0 

Melting  and  Refining. 

In  melting  gold  it  will  sometimes  happen 
that  steel  or  iron  filings  get  into  the  gold  ;  this 
may  be  removed  by  throwing  in  a  piece  of 
Sandiver  about  the  size  of  a  common  nut.  It 
will  draw  the  iron  or  steel  into  the  flux,  and 
leave  the  gold ;  or  Sublimate  of  Mercury  will 
destroy  the  iron  or  steel. 


To  insure  Gold  Rolling  well. 

Melt  until    a  good   heat ;  then    take   a   tea- 
spoonful  of  half  Sal  Ammoniac  and  half  pow- 


35 

•dered  Charcoal.     Stir  it  up   well;  then   put  on 
the  cover  for  one  minute,  and  pour. 


Of  Wet- Coloring  the  foregoing  Alloys. 

This  is  performed  in  the  following  manner : 
Having  annealed  your  work,  and  boiled  it  out 
so  as  to  get  it  perfectly  clean,  take  of  Saltpetre 
15  oz.,  of  Alum  7  oz.,  and  of  Salt  7  oz. ;  pound 
them  all  fine,  and  mix  well  together;  then 
provide  a  blacklead  pot  about  12  inches  high, 
put  your  ingredients  into  it,  and  dissolve  grad- 
ually. It  must  be  on  no  account  hurried,  for, 
if  it  burns,  the  "'  color"  will  be  spoiled.  As 
the  heat  increases  it  will  boil  up;  then  add  2 
oz.  of  Muriatic  Acid,  when  the  "  color  "  will 
sink  in  the  pot.  Take  a  wooden  spoon  and 
stir  it  well,  when  it  will  again  boil  up.  Take 
your  work,  which  you  have  made  clean,  and 
tied  in  small,  parcels  .with  platinum  or  fine  silver 
wire,  and  immerse  it  in  the  "color"  for -four 


36 

minutes,  keeping  it  on  the  move,  so  that  the 
"  color  "  may  act  upon  all  parts  alike.  At  the 
end  of  that  time  take  it  out  and  rinse  it  well  in 
boiling  water,  which  you  have  ready  in  a  kettle, 
with  pint  or  quart  basins,  according  to  the 
quantity  or  size  of  your  work.  Next,  place 
your  work  in  the  "  color  "  for  one  minute  and 
a  half;  take  it  out  and  rinse  well  in  fresh  hot 
water.  Two  fluid  oz.  of  hot  water  must  then 
be  added,  when  the  " color"  will  sink  in  the 
pot,  but  will  rise  again ;  put  in  your  work  for 
one  minute,  again  rinsing  it  in  fresh  hot  water, 
when  you  will  find  it  begin  to  brighten.  Last- 
ly, put  your  work  in  the  "  color  "  for  half  a 
minute  longer,  rinsing  it  for  the  last  time  in 
clean  hot  water,  after  which  you  will  find  it  a 
beautiful  color.  This  process,  by  a  little  atten- 
tion, never  fails. 

NOTE. — The  mixture  of  "  coloring  "  should 
be  according  to  the  weight  of  work.  If  a 
small  quantity,  say  2  oz.,  the  proportions  should 

be—    ..'••  •     -. 


37 

Saltpetre         ....  8  oz. 

Alum      .         .         .         .         .  4  oz. 

Common  Salt         .         .        .  4  oz. 

Muriatic  Acid       .         .         .  I  oz. 

If  5  oz.  of  work,  double  the  quantities,  and  so 

in  proportion  to  the  weight ;  but  practice  will 
make  perfect. 


Of  Wet- Coloring  by  the  German  Process. 

Tie  up  your  work  in  small  bunches  with  fine 
silver  or  platinum  wire;  then,  for  3  oz.  of  work, 
take  a  blacklead  pot,  6  or  7  inches  high,  and, 
having  previously  placed  your  work  in  hot 
water,  put  it  on  the  fire ;  when  thoroughly  dry, 
put  into  it  of  Saltpetre  6  oz.,  and  of  Common 
Salt  3  oz. ;  stir  them  well  with  a  wooden  spoon, 
and  when  thoroughly  dried  fine  and  hot,  put 
into  it  5  fluid  oz.  of  Muriatic  Acid.  When 
boiling  up,  put  in  your  bunch  of  work,  having 
previously  shaken  the  water  from  it,  and  keep 
it  on  the  move  for  three  minutes,  care  being 


38 

taken  to  keep  it  well  covered  all  this  time.  At 
the  end  of  this  time,  take  it  out  and  plunge  it 
into  a  vessel  of  clean  hot  water,  and  finally  into 
a  second  vessel  of  the  same.  Add  then  to 
your  u  color "  in  the  pot  6  fluid  oz.  of  hot 
water,  and  when  it  boils  up  again,  after  being 
thus  diluted,  put  in  your  work  for  one  minute 
longer,  and  'again  rinse  it  as  before  directed, 
when  it  will  be  found  to  be  a  beautiful  color. 

Too  much  clean  hot  water  cannot  be  used 
for  plunging  the  work  in  each  time  through  the 
u  color."  If  the  work  is  hollow- work  and 
bulky,  not  quite  so  much  as  3  oz.  should  be 
put,  as  it  is  not  so  effectually  covered  in  the  pot. 

Jn  Wet-Coloring  it  sometimes  happens  that 
the  color  is  rather  dead ;  or  it  may  happen 
that  the  "  color  "  burns,  which  causes  the  work 
to  look  brown  :  this  is  a  precipitation  which 
may  be  removed  by  scratching  at  the  lathe 
with  stale  beer  or  ale,  with  a  fine  brass  wire 
brush,  similar  to  the  round  hair-brushes  used 
for  polishing. 

In  Coloring,  a  large  stone  jar  should  be  pro- 


39 

vided,  into  which  should  be  emptied  your 
"  color  "  when  done  with,  for  the  pot  should  be 
washed  out  each  time,  so  as  to  be  ready  when 
required  again.  Into  this  stone  jar  should  also 
be  emptied  the  water  in  which  you  rinse  your 
work,  as  it  all  contains  gold  to  a  great  extent. 

All  things  connected  with  the  process  should 
be  kept  clean  and  free  from  grease  of  any  kind. 

No  iron  ought  to  be  near  this  Wet- Col  or  in 
the  pot,  as  it  is  most  injurious. 


To  Collect  the  Gold  lost  in  Coloring. 

Where  there  is  a  large  amount  of  work  made 
and  colored,  the  loss  is  estimated  at  i  dwt.  or 
more  per  oz. ;  this  in  time  becomes  a  serious 
matter.  To  collect  that  loss  the  following  me- 
thod is  used.  Take  one  of  the  basins  you  use? 
and  put  into  it  a  handful  of  Sulphate  of  Iron, 
and  pour  boiling  water  upon  it  to  dissolve  it. 
When  dissolved,  pour  it  into  your  stone  jar  in 
which  you  keep  your  "  color  "-wata* ;  this  pre- 


cipitates  the  small  particles  of  gold,  and  must 
be  done  each  time  you  color.  It  should  be 
collected  every  six  months,  if  the  amount 
of  work  colored  be  much,  in  the  following 
manner  : 

With  a  syphon  draw  off  the  water  from  your 
jar,  but  in  doing  so  be  careful  not  to  disturb 
the  sediment  which  is  at  the  bottom,  for  it  con- 
tains the  gold.  After  you  have  got  off  what 
water  you  can,  it  must  be  washed  with  three  or 
four  kettlefuls  of  boiling  water,  each  kettleful 
being  done  separately,  and  allowed  to  cool 
each  time  and  the  water  carefully  got  off:  this 
is  to  clear  the  sediment  of  any  acid.  It  is 
known  to  be  sufficiently  done  by  touching  the 
water  with  the  finger  and  tasting  it. 

When  freed  from  acid,  put  it  into  an  iron  pan 
and  dry  gradually  by  the  fire.  When  dried, 
put  it  into  an  iron  ladle  and  make  it  red  hot, 
stirring  it  carefully  with  a  tobacco-pipe,  care 
being  taken  not  to  spill  it.  It  will  turn  red  in 
annealing. 
-•'Having  proceeded 'thus  far,  take -of  the-  se'di- 


41 

ment  thus  prepared  i  oz.,  of  Borax  pounded 
fine  15  dvvts.,  of  common  bottle-glass  pounded 
fine  5  dwts.,  and  of  Pearlash  pounded  fine 
4  dvvts. ;  mix  all  well  together.  Put  this  into 
a  skitile-pot,  which  should  have  a  cover, 
and  in  placing  "it  in  the  furnace  there  should  be 
a  small  pot  reversed  for  the  skittle-pot  to  stand 
on.  You  then  lay  your  fire,  which  must  be 
lighted  at  the  top,  so  that  the  light  particles  of 
gold  may  be  carried  downwards.  After  the 
fire  is  at  its  height  it  is  continued  for  forty 
minutes,  then  allowed  to  burn  out,  when  the 
metal  will  be  found  at  the  bottom  of  the  pot. 
This  you  refine  with  Saltpetre. 

Even  if  jewellers  did  not  wish  to  collect  for 
themselves,  they  would  find  the  benefit  of  tak- 
ing care  of  this  sediment,  and  selling  it  to 
the  refiners. 


Too  much  care  cannot  be  taken  in  pro- 
curing pure  Spirits  of  Salts,  or  Muriatic  Acid. 


Alloys  of  Gold  for  Enamelling. 

Pale  Gold  for  Coloring,  Enamelling,  or  Lapping. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o        o 

Fine   Silver  ...090 

Swedish   Copper  o         2       12 


Another  Ditto. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o        o 

Fine   Silver  ...090 

Swedish    Copper  .         .         o         3       12 

i       12       12 


Another  Ditto. 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 
Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i         o         o 

Fine   Silver  .         .         .         o       10        o 

Swedish   Copper  .         .         o         3       12 

i       13       12 


43 
Alloys  of  Gold  for  Enamelling   (continued). 

Enamelling  Gold  No.  i. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold                                         i         o  o 

Fine  Silver                                        o         I  12 

Swedish  Copper                              o         2  12 


Enamelling  Gold   from    Sterling. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Sterling  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine  Silver  o        o       18 

Swedish   Copper  ..020 


18 


Enamelling  Gold   Solder. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Gold  Alloyed       .        .         .        o         i         o 
Fine  Silver  ...004 


44 
Alloys  of  Gold  for  Enamelling  (continued}. 

Another   Ditto,    435.  per   Oz. 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....         o       12         o 
Fine  Silver  .         .      •  .      •  o         73 

Swedish  Copper          .        .         o        60 


Enamelling    Gold    No.  2— Cost  505.  per  Oz. 

Oz.   Dwts.    Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....TOO 
Fine   Silver  .         .         .         o        9       12 

Swedish   Copper  .         .         o         7       12 

i       17        o 


Enamelling   Gold  No.  3. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold    '.         .         .         .         i         o  o 

•Fine  -Silver           .         ...         o       14  '  o 

Swedish   Copper           .       •  .         08  o 


45 


Alloys  of  Gold  for  Enamelling  (continued). 

Enamelling   Gold  No.  4. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....250 
Fine  Silver  .         .         .         i         6        o 

Swedish  Copper          .         .         i         o        o 
Pin-Brass     ....050 


16 


Enamelling    Gold  No.  5. 

Oz.   Dwts  Grs. 

Fine  Gold                                        i         o  o 

Fine  Silver  ....         o       12  o 

Swedish   Copper          .                 o        6  o 


18 


Enamelling     Gold      No.      6. — For      Transparent 
Enamelling. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine    Silver  .         .         .         o       14         o 

Swedish  Copper          ..060 


46 

Alloys  of  Gold  for  Enamelling  (continued}. 
Gold  Solder  for  Enamelled  Work. 

Oz.  Dvvts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....         i         o        o 
Fine  Silver  ...         i         o        o 

Swedish   Copper  .         .         o       10        o 

Silver  Solder  088 


18 


gar 

Pale     Gold   Alloys  for  Polishing,   Etc. 
No.    i. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i         o        o 
Fine  Silver  ...080 

Swedish   Copper  .         .         o         3       12 


No.    2. 

Oz.   Dvvts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .  •       .         .         i         o        o 
Fine  Silver  o         i       20 

Swedish   Copper          .         .        o         i         4 


47 
Pale  Gold  Alloys    (continued}. 

18    Carat,  Pale. 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  I         o        o 

Fine  Silver  ...040 

Swedish   Copper  o         2       15 


Another    18    Carat. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....         i         o       12 
Fine  Silver  ...038 

Swedish   Copper  ..038 


Pale  Gold  Solder. 

Oz.  Dwts.    Grs. 

Gold  Alloyed                                   o  i         6 

Fine  Silver                                        o  i         o 


o 


48 


Ordinary    Bright    Gold. 
TABLE  SHOWING  THE  PROPORTION  OF  ALLOY  WITH 

FROM  I  Oz.  UP  TO  6  OZ.  OF    FlNK    GOLD. 


FINE    GOLD. 

FINE  SILVER. 

COMPOSITION. 

TOTAL. 

Oz.  Dwt.  Grs. 

Oz.  Dwt.  Grs. 

Oz.  Dwt.  Grs. 

Oz.  Dwt.  Grs. 

I        O        O 

050 

I        3       O 

2       13         0 

200 

0       10         0 

2     16       o 

560 

300 

o     15       04       4       o 

7     19       o 

400 

I          O         O 

S      12        0 

IO       12         O 

500 

i       5       o 

700 

13       5       o 

600 

I        IO          O 

880 

15     iS       o 

Composition  for  the   Above. 


Fine  Copper 
Spelter 


Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 
44          O          o 

800 


0 


49 


>-<          HH          W          CO        CO        ~f 


rJj       Cl      O       O      CO 


O    '/;      ir>    to 


j^     C      O      O      M      c» 


So 

Alloys  for  Gold  Pens. 

Alloy  for  Best   Pens. — 525. 

Oz.  D\vts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine   Silver            ..'.050 
Swedish   Copper  o         7       18 

Spelter o         i         6 


Solder  for  the  Above. — 435. 

Oz.  Dvvts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....         o       12         o 
Fine  Silver  ...073 

Swedish   Copper  ..060 


5 


Medium    Quality  Pens. 

Oz.   D\vts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i         o         o 
Composition          .         .  i       13         o 


Alloys  for  Gold  Pens    (continued}. 

Composition   for  the  Above. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine    Silver  i       17         o 

Swedish    Copper  .         .         5       15         o 

Spelter  .         .         .         .         o       18       20 


Solder  for  the  Foregoing. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold                                         i  o         o 

Fine   Silver            .         .         .         i  o         o 

Pin  Brass      .         .                           i  o         o 


Gold  for  Common  Pens. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  .         .         .         i         o         o 

Fine  Silver  ...200 

Swedish  Copper  i         o         o 


52 

A /If  TVS  for  Gold  Pens    (continued}* 

Solder  for  the   Foregoing. 

()/     Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....TOO 
Fine  Silver  .  .         2         o        o 

Pin-Brass  i         o         o 

400 


S3 

Alloys  of  Gold  with   Brass. 
Alloy  No.  i. 


Oz 

.  Dvvts 

.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .... 

i 

0 

0 

Fine  Silver 

o 

5 

6 

Swedish  Copper 

o 

3 

12 

Pin-Brass 

0 

18 

O 

o 

6 

18 

Alloy    No.  2. 

Oz. 

Dvvts. 

Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .... 

I 

o 

O 

Fine  Silver 

o 

4 

0 

Swedish   Copper           ... 

o 

4 

o 

Pin-Brass      .... 

o 

16 

o 

2 

4 

0 

Alloy    No.  3. 

Oz. 

D\vts. 

Grs. 

Fine  Gold     . 

I 

O 

o 

Fine  ^Silver 

0 

5 

12 

Swedish   Copper 

O 

3 

12 

Pin-Brass 

o 

19 

6 

2 

8 

6 

54 

Alloys  of  Gold  with    Brass  (continued}. 


in  melting  the  Brass-Gold  it  often  hap- 
pens the  gold,  to  the  naked  eye,  seems  all 
right,  yet,  when  it  comes  to  be  flattened  at  the 
mill,  it  is  full  of  air  and  not  fit  for  use ;  this 
may  be  avoided  by  having  a  tobacco-pipe  to 
stir  the  metal  when  in  fusion.  The  nature  of 
the  alloys,  and  the  quantity  of  Borax  used  as 
flux,  are  the  cause  ;  but  acting  on  the  advice 
given,  and  by  applying  sufficient  heat,  this  may 
be  avoided. 


Alloy  No.  4. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i         o         o 
Fine  Silver  .         .         .        o         3       21 

Swedish  Copper  ..093 

Composition          ...056 

i       18         6 


55 

Alloys  of  Gold  with    Brass    (continued}. 
Alloy  No.  5. 


Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     . 

o        15          9 

Fine  Silver 

o          5        19 

Swedish  Copper 

o         3       21 

Composition 

o       15         o 

20         I 

Composition  for  the  Above. 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Swedish   Copper  ..TOO 

Spelter  ....050 


In  making  solder   for    the  foregoing   alloys, 
take  of  the  alloyed  gold  you  are  using — 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Gold  Alloyed  o         i         o 

Fine  Silver  o         o       12 


12 


56 

Miscellaneous  Gold  Alloys. 
455.  Gold. 

Oz.  Dwts.    Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i          o         o 

Composition  *      .         .         .         i         o         o 


Solder  for  the  Above. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine  Silver  .         .         .         o       15         o 

Swedish   Copper  o       15         o 


12  Carat  Gold. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i         o         o 
Fine  Silver  .         .         .         o       10         o 

Swedish  Copper  ..096 


*   For  Composition  for  the  nbove,  see  page  51. 


57 

Miscellaneous  Gold  Alloys    (continueif). 


Another  12  Carat. 


Fine  Gold 
Fine  Silver 
Swedish   Copper 
Spelter 


Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

t  o  12 

o  6  12 

o  II  12 

O  I  12 


o 


o 


Table  of  Alloys. 
FOR  DIFFERENT  QUALITIES    OF   GOLI>. 


QUALITY-. 

FINK    GOLD. 

COMPOSITION. 

TOTAL. 

Oz  Dwt  Grs. 

O/.  Dwt.  Grs. 

Oz.  Dwt.  Grs. 

9  Carat 

0        7      12 

O       12       12 

I          0         O 

12      " 

o     10       o 

o'   10       o   i   i       o       o 

15       " 

0       12       12 

o       7     12       i       oo 

18      " 

o     15       o 

o       5       oi       o      o 

22 

o     18     iS 

016100 

58 
Miscellaneous   Gold  Alloys    (continued]. 

Composition  for  the  Above. 

Oz.   Dvvts.   Grs. 

Fine  Silver  ...         3         5       12 

Swedish  Copper  .         .         8       12       12 

Spelter  i       18         6 


13       16 


Alloy  for  Gold  Chains. 

Oz.    Dvvts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  o       n         6 

Fine  Silver  ...025 

Swedish  Copper  o        6       13 


Another  Ditto. 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o        o 

Fine  Silver  .         .         .         o         g         o 

Swedish  Copper  ..080 

1170 


59 

Miscellaneous  Gold  Alloys    (continued}. 

355.  Gold  for  Pins. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....TOO 
Fine  Silver  ...050 

Swedish  Copper  I         o         o 

Spelter  ....050 


2       10        o 

Dry-Colored  Scrap  reduced  to  355.  Gold. 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Colored  Scrap       .         .         .         i         9       12 
Fine  Silver  ...020 

Swedish  Copper  .         .         o       17       12 

Spelter          ....040 


2       13         o 

Bright  Gold. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold     .         .         .         .         i         o         o 
Fine  Silver  ...070 

Composition  *.'...         .         i         6         o 


*   For  Composition  for  the  above,  see  page  48. 


6o 

Miscellaneous  Gold  Alloys    (continued}. 

Common  Gold  No.   i. 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine  Silver  .  .080 

Composition*      .         .         .         i        12         o 


Common  Gold  No.  2. 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....050 
Fine  Silver  ...036 

Swedish  Copper  .  *o         6       12 

o       14       18 

Medium  Gold. 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Gold  i         o         o 

Fine  Silver  o       12         o 

Swedish  Copper  .         .         o       13         o 


5 


*   For  Composition  for  the  above,  see  page  48. 


6i 
Miscellaneous  Gold  Alloys    (continued}. 

"  California." 

Oz.     Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold  n         o         o 

Composition         .         .         .       15       10        o 


26       10         o 


Composition  for  "  California." 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver            .         .                15       12  o 

Swedish  Copper           .         -67        o  o 

Spelter                                            n         o  o 


93       12         o 


Common  Gold,  from  "  California." 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

"  California "         .         ..800 
Fine  Silver  .         .  13       16         o 

Swedish  Copper  .         .         6       16         o 

28         2         o 


62 

Miscellaneous   Gold  Alloys    (continued}. 
To  reduce  355.  Scrap  to  Common  Gold. 

Oz.   Dvvts.   Grs. 

Scrap  .         .         .         .         9       18         o 

Composition  *       ...         2         2         o 


12         o         o 


295.  Gold. 

Ox.   Dvvts.  Grs. 

Fine  Gold     ....         i       13         6 
Fine  Silver  .         .         .         i       12       12 

Swedish  Copper  .         .          I        16         6 

Spelter  .         ...040 


o 


Will  stand  the  Aquafortis  very  well. 


To  Clean  Old  Work  that  is  Tarnished. 

This  is  done  by  heating  the  articles  gently 
with  a  blow-pipe,  and  boiling  out  in  rather 
strong  pickle  of  Muriatic  Acid;  it  may  be  re- 

*  For  Composition  for  the  above,  see  page  58. 


63 

moved  by  boiling  in  Chloride  of  Lime  and 
water  in  a  pipkin,  and  touching  the  work  at  a 
lathe  with  a  scratch-brush. 


To  Remove  Soft- Solder  from  Work  to  be  Mended 
or  Colored. 

Remove  what  you  can  by  the  scraper,  or 
otherwise  gently  heating  it,  so  that  you  may 
shake  all  off  that  you  can.  Place  it  in  Spirits 
of  Salts  for  some  time.  This  receipt  is  useful 
where  hard-soldering  is  required,  whether  in 
colored  or  bright  work. 

Silver    Alloys. 

Sterling  Silver. 

()z.  Dvvts.    Grs. 

Fine  Silver  .         .         .11         20 

Swedish  Copper  o       18         o 

12         o         o 


64 

Silver  Alloys    (continued}. 

Equal  to  Sterling. 

Oz.  D\vts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver  I         o         o 

Swedish  Copper  .         .         o         I       12 


I  I          12 


Another  Ditto. 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver  I         o         o 

Swedish  Copper  ..050 


Alloy  for  Plating. 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver                                       i         o  o 

Swedish   Copper                              o       10  o 

T        10  o 


65 
Silver  Alloys    (continued}. 

Silver  Solder. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver  .         .         .         i         o         o 

Pin  Brass  .         o       10         o 


10 


Another  Ditto. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver  I         o         o 

Pin-Brass  o       10         o 

Pure  Spelter          ...020 


12         o 


Jn  fine  silver  filigree-work,  fine  silver  is 
always  used  for  the  filigree.  The  Frame-work 
is  generally  made  of  sterling  silver.  The  sol- 
der for  such  work  is  as  follows  : 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver  ...046 

Pin-Brass      •  o         I         o 


66 

Silver  Alloys    (continued}. 

Copper  Solder,  for  Plating. 

Ox.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver                                      o       10  o 

Swedish  Copper           .         .         o       10  o 


This  is  a  useful  solder  for  plating  or  soldering 
silver  work;  it  never  eats  as  does  silver  solder. 

Common   Silver,  for  Chains. 

Ox.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Silver  .         .         .         6         o        o 

Swedish  Copper  ..400 


Solder  for  the  above. 

O/.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver            .         .         .         o       16  o 

Swedish  Copper           .         .         o         o  12 

Pin-Brass               .         .         .         o         3  12 


6; 
Alloys    (continued}. 

Silver  Solder,  for  Enamelling,  45.  per  Oz. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Gr&. 

Fine  Silver  o       14         o 

Swedish   Copper  ..080 


Common  Silver  Solder. 

Oz.   Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver            .         .         .       20         o  o 

Pin-Brass      ....       13         o  o 

Spelter                                               i         o  o 


34 


Ditto,  for  filling  Signet  Rings. 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Silver  .         .         .20         o        o 

Swedish  Copper  ..380 

Pin-Brass      .         .         .         .       13         o        o 
Spelter  .         .         .         .         i         o        o 


37 


68 

Silver  Alloys    (continued}. 

Quick  Silver-Solder. 

()/.  Dwts.    Grs. 

Fine  Silver                                       i  o         o 

Pin-Brass                                          o  10         o 

Bar  Tin                                              o  2         o 


12 


Silver  Solder,  for  Gold  Plating. 

Oz.  Dwts.  Grs. 

Fine  Silver       -    .         .         .         I         o         o 
Swedish  Copper  ..050 

Pin  Brass      .         .  .         o         5         o 


Bismuth    Solder. 

Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Bismuth  ....  12  o  o 
Lead  .  .  .  .  .15  °  ° 
Tin 21  oo 

48         o         o 


Imitations. 

Imitation  Silver. 

Oz.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Silver  i         o         o 

Nickel  .  .         .         i       ii         o 

Swedish  Copper  ..290 


o 


Oz.   Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Silver  ...300 

Nickel  ....         i       ii         o 

Swedish  Copper  ..290 

Spelter  o       10         o 

7       10         o 

Imitation  Gold. 

Ox.  Dwts.   Grs. 

Fine  Silver  ...250 

Swedish  Copper  i         o         o 

Composition  *      .         .         .         I         o         o 


The   above  costs   $s.  6d.  per    oz..  and  will 
keep  its  color  very  well. 

*  For  Composition,  see  page  48 


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32  D.   VAN  NOSTRAND   COMPANY'S 

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